Horizontal machining center: refers to the machining center with the spindle axis parallel to the workbench, which is mainly suitable for machining box parts.
The spindle of a horizontal machining center is in a horizontal state, usually with a square table that can perform indexing and rotary motion. Generally, there are 3 ~ 5 motion coordinates, and three linear motion coordinates plus one rotary motion coordinate are common. It can make the workpiece finish the processing of the remaining four surfaces except the installation surface and the top surface after one clamping, and is most suitable for processing box parts. Generally, it has an indexing table or a numerical control conversion table, which can process all sides of the workpiece; It can also be used for the joint movement of multiple coordinates, so as to process complex spatial curved surfaces.
Some horizontal machining centers are equipped with automatic exchange tables, which can load and unload the workpieces at the loading and unloading positions while processing the workpieces at the working positions, thus greatly shortening the auxiliary time and improving the processing efficiency.
Working principle of machining center:
After the workpiece is clamped once in the machining center, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and change the tool according to different machining processes, automatically change the spindle speed, feed speed, the motion track of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions, and sequentially complete the multi-process machining on multiple surfaces of the workpiece. And has multiple tool changing or tool selecting functions, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Compared with vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers have complex structure, large floor space and high price. Moreover, horizontal machining centers are inconvenient to observe during machining, and it is inconvenient to clamp and measure parts, but it is easy to remove chips during machining, which is beneficial to machining.
Horizontal machining centers are divided into fixed column type and moving column type according to whether the column moves or not.
(1) Fixed column type
1) The workbench moves in cross, the workbench moves in X and Z directions, and the headstock moves in Y direction. The headstock has two forms: front hanging and side hanging on the column. It is suitable for boring, milling and other multi-process processing of medium-sized complex parts.
2) The headstock moves in a cross, the headstock moves in X and Z directions, and the workbench moves in Y direction. It is suitable for boring, milling and other multi-process processing of small and medium-sized parts.
3) The headstock is hung on the side of the column, and the headstock moves in Y and Z directions. This layout is similar to the planer type horizontal milling and boring machine, and the workbench moves in X direction. It is suitable for boring, milling and other multi-process machining of medium-sized parts.
(2) Move the upright posts and shapes.
1) planer type, the bed is T-shaped, the workbench moves in X direction on the front bed, and the column moves in Z direction on the back bed. The spindle box has two forms: front hanging and side hanging on the upright post, and moves in Y direction. It is suitable for boring, milling and other multi-process processing of medium and large parts, especially long parts.
2) The vertical column is cross-moving, and the vertical column moves in Z and U (parallel to X direction), the headstock moves in Y direction on the vertical column, and the workbench moves in X direction on the front bed. It is suitable for boring, milling and other multi-process processing of medium-sized complex parts.
3) spindle ram feed type, the spindle box moves in Y direction on the column, and the spindle ram moves in Z direction. Make the column move in x direction. The workbench is fixed or equipped with a rotary workbench. It can be equipped with multiple workbenches, which is suitable for machining small and medium-sized parts, and the loading and unloading time of workpieces can coincide with the cutting time.
vertical machining centre
After the workpiece is clamped once in the machining center, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and change the cutter according to different processes, automatically change the spindle speed, feed rate, the motion track of the cutter relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions of the machine tool, and sequentially complete the multi-process machining on several surfaces of the workpiece. And has multiple tool changing or tool selecting functions, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Vertical machining center: refers to the machining center whose spindle axis is perpendicular to the workbench, which is mainly suitable for machining complex parts such as plates, plates, molds and small shells. Vertical machining center can complete milling, boring, drilling, tapping and cutting threads. Vertical machining centers are at least three-axis and two-linkage, and generally can realize three-axis and three-linkage. Some can be controlled by five or six axes. The height of vertical machining center column is limited, and the machining range of box-shaped workpieces should be reduced, which is the disadvantage of vertical machining center. However, the vertical machining center is convenient for workpiece clamping and positioning; The movement track of the cutting tool is easy to observe, the debugging program is convenient to check and measure, and problems can be found in time, and the cutting tool can be stopped or modified. The cooling condition is easy to establish, and the cutting fluid can directly reach the cutting tool and the processing surface; The three coordinate axes are consistent with the Cartesian coordinate system, which makes the feeling intuitive and consistent with the visual angle of the pattern. The chips are easy to be removed and dropped, thus avoiding scratching the processed surface. Compared with the corresponding horizontal machining center, it has the advantages of simple structure, smaller floor space and lower price.